{"id":129991,"date":"2024-04-05T14:27:10","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T17:27:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ww16.ce.gov.br\/saude\/?p=129991"},"modified":"2024-04-09T14:05:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-09T17:05:27","slug":"leishmaniose-tegumentar-saiba-o-que-e-e-como-prevenir-a-doenca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ww16.ce.gov.br\/saude\/2024\/04\/05\/leishmaniose-tegumentar-saiba-o-que-e-e-como-prevenir-a-doenca\/","title":{"rendered":"Leishmaniose tegumentar: saiba o que \u00e9 e como prevenir a doen\u00e7a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Transmitida pelo mosquito palha, a leishmaniose tegumentar caracteriza-se por feridas na pele<\/em><\/p>\n

Com o desmatamento, cada vez mais, doen\u00e7as que antes se restringiam a determinadas \u00e1reas, t\u00eam expandido seu territ\u00f3rio de transmiss\u00e3o. Esse \u00e9 o caso, por exemplo, da leishmaniose tegumentar<\/strong>, tamb\u00e9m conhecida como \u201cferida brava\u201d<\/strong>, antes mais presente em \u00e1reas serranas. Transmitida pelo mosquito palha<\/strong>, a leishmaniose tegumentar caracteriza-se por feridas na pele, nas partes descobertas do corpo.<\/p>\n

De acordo com o boletim epidemiol\u00f3gico mais recente da doen\u00e7a, divulgado em 2023, de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2022, foram diagnosticados 2.437 casos, com uma m\u00e9dia de 487 casos ao ano, sendo registrados 644 casos em 2021 e 431 em 2022. No estado do Cear\u00e1, quase todos os casos foram da forma cl\u00ednica cut\u00e2nea (96,5%), sendo as maiores propor\u00e7\u00f5es detectadas nas Regi\u00f5es Norte (97,7%) e Fortaleza (97,1%). A propor\u00e7\u00e3o da forma mucosa foi de apenas 3,5% no estado, sendo mais comumente detectada na regi\u00e3o do Cariri (7,3%).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A articuladora do Grupo T\u00e9cnico de Zoonoses da Sesa<\/strong>, Kellyn Cavalcante, explica que as condi\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais favorecem a prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o do inseto transmissor. \u201cO cultivo de plantas frut\u00edferas perto de casa, assim como a presen\u00e7a de galinheiros, chiqueiros de porcos, est\u00e1bulos e anexos para a armazenagem das colheitas, cria um ambiente que favorece a circula\u00e7\u00e3o de mam\u00edferos silvestres, prov\u00e1veis reservat\u00f3rios da doen\u00e7a. Isso porque perto do domic\u00edlio h\u00e1 grande disponibilidade de alimentos. Estar pr\u00f3ximo de \u00e1reas desmatadas e de riachos tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 fator de risco\u201d, diz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

As les\u00f5es da leishmaniose tegumentar<\/strong> apresentam aspecto de \u00falceras, com bordas elevadas e fundo granuloso, geralmente indolores, nas \u00e1reas descobertas. Tamb\u00e9m podem aparecer les\u00f5es nas mucosas, mais frequentes no nariz, boca e garganta. \u201cO tratamento \u00e9 oferecido na Aten\u00e7\u00e3o Prim\u00e1ria<\/strong>. Por isso, quem estiver com esses sintomas deve procurar o Posto de Sa\u00fade mais pr\u00f3ximo\u201d, diz.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Para prevenir a doen\u00e7a, a popula\u00e7\u00e3o deve adotar medidas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual e estar atenta \u00e0 higieniza\u00e7\u00e3o dos ambientes externos das casas<\/strong>. \u201cAs pessoas devem usar repelente, principalmente no entardecer e no per\u00edodo da noite. Outra medida importante \u00e9 manter os ambientes, especialmente nos quintais e ao redor das casas, sempre limpos e secos\u201d, diz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Leishmanioses tegumentar e visceral: diferen\u00e7as e semelhan\u00e7as<\/b><\/h3>\n

A leishmaniose \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a infecciosa, por\u00e9m n\u00e3o contagiosa, causada por protozo\u00e1rios do g\u00eanero <\/span>Leishmania<\/span><\/i>, que se multiplicam no interior das c\u00e9lulas que fazem parte do sistema de defesa. A transmiss\u00e3o da leishmaniose ocorre pela picada de insetos\u00a0flebotom\u00edneos f\u00eameas<\/strong> infectados. H\u00e1 dois tipos de leishmaniose: a tegumentar ou \u201cferida brava\u201d e a visceral, tamb\u00e9m conhecida como \u201ccalazar\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Enquanto a forma tegumentar caracteriza-se por feridas na pele que se localizam com maior frequ\u00eancia nas partes descobertas do corpo, a visceral atinge v\u00e1rios \u00f3rg\u00e3os internos, principalmente o f\u00edgado, o ba\u00e7o e a medula \u00f3ssea.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNo homem, o tempo em que os sintomas come\u00e7am a aparecer desde a infec\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 de, em m\u00e9dia, dois a tr\u00eas meses, podendo apresentar per\u00edodos mais curtos, de duas semanas, e mais longos, de dois anos\u201d, esclarece Kellyn Cavalcante.<\/span><\/p>\n

As fontes de infec\u00e7\u00e3o das leishmanioses s\u00e3o, principalmente, os animais silvestres e os insetos. No entanto, o hospedeiro tamb\u00e9m pode ser o c\u00e3o dom\u00e9stico. \u201cAlgumas esp\u00e9cies de animais silvestres como roedores (capivaras), marsupiais (cassacos), edentados (tatus, pebas) e can\u00eddeos silvestres (raposas) j\u00e1 foram registrados como hospedeiros e poss\u00edveis reservat\u00f3rios naturais do parasita\u201d, pontua a articuladora do Grupo T\u00e9cnico das Leishmanioses da C\u00e9lula de Vigil\u00e2ncia Entomol\u00f3gica e Controle de Vetores (Cevet) da Sesa, Ana Paula Gomes<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

O ac\u00famulo de mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica perto das casas tamb\u00e9m facilita a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de criadouros para o mosquito. \u201cA presen\u00e7a de lixo, fezes de animais dom\u00e9sticos, restos de comida e a forma inadequada de descarte das \u00e1guas de uso dom\u00e9stico, que mant\u00eam os solos \u00famidos, ajudam na forma\u00e7\u00e3o de criadouros do inseto\u201d, destaca a articuladora do Grupo T\u00e9cnico de Zoonoses da Sesa<\/strong>, Kellyn Cavalcante.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"O ac\u00famulo de mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica perto das casas tamb\u00e9m facilita a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de criadouros para o mosquito<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Capacita\u00e7\u00f5es para o controle e manejo da doen\u00e7a<\/b><\/h3>\n

Durante o ano, profissionais da assist\u00eancia (m\u00e9dicos e enfermeiros) t\u00eam realizado eventos de capacita\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a doen\u00e7a. Em mar\u00e7o, a Sa\u00fade do Cear\u00e1, por meio da Secretaria Executiva de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade (Sevig)<\/strong>, abordou o tema \u201cVigil\u00e2ncia, tratamento e manejo cl\u00ednico da leishmaniose tegumentar\u201d, no munic\u00edpio de Itapaj\u00e9. O pr\u00f3ximo treinamento ser\u00e1 no per\u00edodo de 15 a 19 de abril, sobre “Vigil\u00e2ncia e controle de reservat\u00f3rios e vetores das leishmanioses”, voltado para os munic\u00edpios da Coordenadoria da \u00c1rea Descentralizada de Caucaia<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Em fevereiro, tamb\u00e9m foi realizado um treinamento sobre \u201cVigil\u00e2ncia e controle de reservat\u00f3rios e vetores das leishmanioses\u201d no mesmo munic\u00edpio, mas com participa\u00e7\u00e3o dos munic\u00edpios que comp\u00f5em a ADS: Teju\u00e7uoca, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds do Curu, Pentecoste, General Sampaio e Apuiar\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

O p\u00fablico-alvo s\u00e3o os agentes de combate \u00e0s endemias<\/strong> e os t\u00e9cnicos de laborat\u00f3rio de entomologia das Superintend\u00eancias. O treinamento em servi\u00e7o tem carga hor\u00e1ria de 40h, conciliando teoria e pr\u00e1tica.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Transmitida pelo mosquito palha, a leishmaniose tegumentar caracteriza-se por feridas na pele Com o desmatamento, cada vez mais, doen\u00e7as que antes se restringiam a determinadas \u00e1reas, t\u00eam expandido seu territ\u00f3rio de transmiss\u00e3o. Esse \u00e9 o caso, por exemplo, da leishmaniose tegumentar, tamb\u00e9m conhecida como \u201cferida brava\u201d, antes mais presente em \u00e1reas serranas. Transmitida pelo mosquito […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":129998,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1479],"tags":[2161,4239],"class_list":["post-129991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vigilancia-epidemiologica","tag-leishmaniose","tag-leishmaniose-tegumentar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLeishmaniose tegumentar: saiba o que \u00e9 e como prevenir a doen\u00e7a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Com o desmatamento, cada vez mais, doen\u00e7as que antes se restringiam a algumas \u00e1reas, t\u00eam expandido seu territ\u00f3rio de transmiss\u00e3o. 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The sandflies are members of the Dipteran family, Psychodidae, and the subfamily Phlebitaminae. This specimen was still in the process of ingestg its bloodmeal, which is visible through its distended transparent abdomen. Sandflies such as this P. papatasi, are responsible for the spread of the vector-borne parasitic disease Leishmaniasis, which is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies, injecting the infective stage (i.e., promastigotes) from their proboscis during blood meals. Promastigotes that reach the puncture wound are phagocytized by macrophages ,and other types of mononuclear phagocytic cells, and inside these cells, transform into the tissue stage of the parasite (i.e., amastigotes), which multiply by simple division and proceed to infect other mononuclear phagocytic cells. Parasite, host, and other factors affect whether the infection becomes symptomatic and whether cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis results. Sandflies become infected by ingesting infected cells during blood meals. In sandflies, amastigotes transform into promastigotes, develop in the gut, (in the hindgut for leishmanial organisms in the Viannia subgenus; in the midgut for organisms in the Leishmania subgenus), and migrate to the proboscis. 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